Cappadocia is a moonscape region that has been sculpted by both humans and nature. It is most known for its distinctive geological features and historical layers.The region known as Cappadocia was carved over millions of years by rain, wind, and ice, and was produced by the erosion of soft layers generated by the lava and ashes ejected by the volcanic mountains of Erciyes, Hasandağ, and Güllüdağ. Basalt stones were left behind as the surrounding relatively soft volcanic ash was worn over time, creating conical structures that may grow up to 45 meters in height. They have been excavated by earlier cultures, who used them as hiding places to build homes, fortresses, and even whole subterranean cities.